The third population in the world has signs of hypertension. Stress with hypertension causes stenosis and vascular damage, and sometimes hemorrhagic heart attack. Therefore, while healthy people are very important to know what stress is, what affects, what indicators can be considered as the norm, the figure -the tonometer should serve as a signal for the start of treatment.
The essence of the concept
Blood pressure is caused by the power of its effects on the main and peripheral vessels. Indicators of pressure directly depend on several factors:
- vascular elasticity;
- heart contraction;
- The amount of blood pumped with the heart for a certain period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is the custom to write in the form of a relationship where:
- Upper figure, large systolic pressure (with heart contraction);
- Lower digits, smaller - diastolic pressure (between heart contraction).
Blood pressure can change - with changes in body position, during physical exercise, with nerve overstrain, rest or after eating. If one does not have health problems, after a short time the pressure is stable. With hypertension, its increased indicator is preserved for some time. In hypertension, sharp fluctuations in blood pressure are observed. Normal after bed, after eating it can increase, then decrease. Evening pressure indicators usually exceed the morning, and at night they sometimes fall sharply.
Analyzing blood pressure indicators, more values are usually attached to the upper number. It increases systolic pressure that the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology in patients over 50. In the majority of people, it has increased over the years to the fact that the main artery loses their elasticity and exposes atherosclerotic plaque.
The norm and pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on age, environmental condition, accompanying pathology, and even during the day. But there are average medical indicators. After finding out what the patient's stress is, the doctor determines - hypertension is or variation of the norm.
Blood pressure in patients over 18 years of age
| Stress | Indications, mm hg. Art. | Indications, mm hg. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic | Diastolic | |
| Optimal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Ordinary | Up to 130 | Up to 85 |
| Are usually high | Up to 140 | Up to 90 |
| 1 degree hypertension | Up to 160 | Up to 100 |
| 2 degrees of hypertension | Up to 180 | Up to 110 |
| 3 degrees of hypertension | Over 180 | Over 110 |
| Isolated systolic hypertension | Over 180 | Less than 110 |
Systematic pressure controls will help prevent serious consequences of hypertension, as pathological changes in the indication will be seen in a timely manner.
Reason for deviation from the norm
Blood pressure has never changed for no reason. Its changes can be caused by cardiovascular disease, digestion, genitourinary system, traumatic brain injury. But it is not always the factor that causes the change due to pathology. Growth of blood pressure indicators often occur because of:
- allergic reactions;
- stress situations;
- hormone failure;
- smoking;
- alcohol abuse;
- weather dependence;
- take some medicine;
- hard work;
- dehydration;
- eat fatty foods;
- excess amount of salt used;
- Hypodynamia or, on the contrary, physical tension.
The reason for increasing the pressure may be age -related changes in the body and hereditary tendencies.
Clinical manifestations
Increased blood pressure is very significant. Visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
- Acute headache (usually in temples and back of the head), often accompanied by vomiting reflexes;
- redness of the skin (sometimes the ship appears);
- weakness, noise in the ear, flying in front of the eyes;
- redness of eye protein (sometimes violating visual acuity);
- Dyspnea;
- pain behind the sternum;
- chills;
- insomnia;
- heart rate;
- Increased sweating.
In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is a dangerous asymptomatic. Someone sometimes doesn't think about the fact that he or she can increase stress.
With increased pressure in the diet, it is necessary to include products that can break down fat and prevent thrombosis effectively.
Diagnosis of change
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure pressure during the examination. If it is higher than the norm, the doctor prescribes additional tests. A high -time indication does not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if an increased indicator is observed with several consecutive examinations, as well as if they are preserved after a three -month compliance with a doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.
Self -diagnosis on the pulse
Without a medical device, it is impossible to accurately determine the pressure indicator, but the presence of negative changes can be assumed by the pulse. By using the ring finger and the index to the carbon artery, the number of heartbeats in 30 seconds should be calculated and reproduce the numbers generated by two (the number per minute). The pulse is equal to 60-80 shots considered normal. With increased pressure, the pulse is felt without difficulty. If you have a heart rate monitor, you can use it.
Using a tonometer
To accurately measure blood pressure, various types of tonometer are used. The structure of the device is distinguished by the principle of action. Mercury tonomers are replaced by pneumatic devices and then electronic. The latter can use any person who has no medical education. They are characterized by compactness, accuracy and ease of use.
Usually, the tonometer not only shows indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure, but also the frequency of the pulse. At the same time, previous measurements are "remembered" by which experts monitor the dynamics of blood pressure indicators in each particular patient.
Arimision rights
Measurement of blood pressure must be approached with maximum attention. This applies to both experts and patients themselves who independently monitor stress levels. There are certain rules:
- The day before the measurement, you need to leave tonic drinks and smoke;
- On the day of measurement, you cannot use eye and nose drops;
- measure the pressure half an hour after meals;
- Before applying a cuff tonometer, the patient should take a simple position by placing a relaxed hand on a flat hard surface;
- Cuff must be placed in the middle of the shoulder. From the bottom of the advantage should be 2. 5 cm from the elbow. Air tubes should be located along the middle of the shoulder;
- Between the cuff, located at the same level as the heart, and the shoulders should be left the gap to which the fingers are easy to place;
- During the operation of the tonometer, absolute calmness should be maintained.
First, experts recommend measuring pressure on both hands, then only on the "giving" the highest indication. If the measurement is carried out outside the wall of the medical institution, patients are recommended to create a "accounting" notebook and include days, time and measurement. How often do measurements, doctors determine.
Possible consequences
High blood pressure with hypertension full of hypertension crisis - jumps suddenly - points to critical. Such states result in sharp development of ruptured blood vessels. In a series of consequences, hypertension is distinguished:
- problems with the eye (reduction of visual acuity, bleeding);
- kidney failure;
- ischemia;
- heart failure;
- Angina Pectoris;
- stroke;
- infark;
- impotence;
- swelling of light and brain;
- death.
With the risk of exfoliating aortic aneurysm, it is recommended to tap pressure as soon as possible. And with cerebral disorders, this should be done without a hurry, otherwise they will make it worse.
High blood pressure often causes defects as well as death of the patient.
Home reaction
With the hypertension crisis (above pressure exceeding 200 mm Hg), you should immediately call the ambulance team and, before its arrival, begin to take steps to eliminate symptoms. With moderate pressure increases, you can act freely.
Warning measure
If the signs of pressure increase occur, it is necessary to measure the indicator. Headache, nausea, weakness can occur for other reasons. If the true pressure -actually increases, it follows:
- ensure peace, dimming and silence (including at work);
- provides access to fresh air;
- to lie down, raise your head (at work, if there is no way, sit comfortably);
- performing respiratory exercises (respiratory respiration focused on breathing);
- Massage of collar zones and heads (it is advisable that relatives or friends do this);
- Drink diuretic soup (parsley, lingonberry, green tea or kidneys, rosehip).
Such steps lower the pressure slowly and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you should contact a cardiologist.
Effect
Patients with an active lifestyle often have rapid stress reduction problems. Drugs can do this, but they should be used carefully - to avoid excessive stress, too quickly to reduce stress and other complications. The attending physician must prescribe medications. Rapid and secure stress reduces pressure will help:
- peace;
- cooling compresses in the head;
- Warm baths for limbs (not hot! ). You can use containers with water or heating pads, mustard;
- Salting phytochai (valerian, motherwort, chamomile, mint, lemon balm).
In the absence of the expected effect, the steps listed are coupled with the medication.
The first kit is homemade
With frequent problems with stress in the composition of home medical cabinets, special medicines should always occur.
The absence of drugs can be compensated with the use of "constant" drugs, but the effects will be seen only after one or two hours after taking. Receiving pharmaceuticals, the following:
- Only use funds prescribed by your doctor;
- Do not mix the medicine;
- Dissolve "emergency care" tablets, and do not swallow;
- Take the drug lying down (after taking, staying in a horizontal position for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you need to get up slowly.
When receiving pharmaceuticals, it is important to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.
The unavoidable restrictions
With increased pressure to avoid the development of negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain restrictions:
- Within 24 hours after stress stabilization, avoid increasing physical activity;
- Avoid psycho -overloads, with inevitable incidents from stressful situations, taking sedatives;
- Rejecting alcohol consumption, Caffein -which has a drink and smoking.
It should be excluded from the diet for fatty foods and too salty (smoked meat, canned foods - included). After normalizing the pressure for several days, the amount of fluid used should be limited.
Hypertension treatment depends on the type of pressure, as well as the pathological process phase. It may use combinations and monotherapy. After a comprehensive diagnosis and prescribing medication, cardiologists will suggest to maintain normal pressure, as well as the necessary steps when they have a significant improvement.